-Ancient Rome- Ancient Roman culture existed throughout the almost 1200 - year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome. The term refers to the culture of theRoman Republic, later called the Roman Empire, which at its peak, covered an area from Lowland Scotland to and Morocco to the Euphrates. Life in ancient Rome revolved around the city of Rome, its famed seven hills, and the famous Colosseum. The city had many gymnasiums, several theatres, and several taverns, baths, and brothels. Throughout the territory under Ancient Roman control, residential architecture ranged from small houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, there were imperial residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word "palace" is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into apartment blocks. The city of Rome was the largest megolopolis at that time with a population that could have very well exceeded one million. The large urban poplulation required an endless supply of food, which was a complex logistical task, including acquiring, transportating, storing, and distribution of food for Rome and other urban centers. Italian farms supplied vegetables and fruits, but fish and meet were luxuries. Aqueducts were built to bring water to urban centers, and wine and oil were brought from Hispania, Gaul, and Africa. Music was a part of everday life in Ancient Rome. Many private and public events were accompanied by music, ranging from nightly dining to military parades. This was a culture that used many different instruments, melodies, scales, and hoarmonies, so they were not familiarized with how other cultures of that time were musically orientated. The ancient city of Rome had a place called the Campus, a sort of a drill ground for Roman soldiers, which was located near the Tiber River. Later the Campus became Rome's track and field playgroud, which even Julius Caesar and Augustus were said to be at many times. In the Campus, the youth assembled to play and exercise, which included jumping, wrestling, boxing, and racing. Riding, throwing, and swimming were also popular activities. Females did not participate in these events. Ball playing was a popular, and ancient Romans had many several different ball games, which included handball, field hockey, catch, and some form of soccer. Board games included Dice, Roman Chess, Roman Checkers, Tic-Tac-Toe, and Tabula (a from of Roman bacgammon). There were several more activities performed to keep others engaged which included chariot races, musical and theatrical performances, public execution and gladiatorial combat. In the Colosseum, 50,000 people could be housed so all of this was possible. Education for Ancient Rome began around 200 BCE. Schooling began around the age of 6, and in the next six to seven years, boys and girls were expected to learn the basics of reading, writing, and countings. By the age of 12, they would begin learning Latin, Greek, grammar and literature, followed by training for public speaking. Oratory was an art to be practiced learnt and good orators commanded respect; to become an effective orator was one of the objects of education and learning. Poor children could not afford education. In some cases, services of gifted slaves were utilized for impairing education. Most early Roman painting styles show Etruscan influences, particularily in the practice of political painting. In the 3rd Century BCE, Greek art taken as booty from wars became popular, and many Roman houses with landscapes by Greek artists. Evidence from the remains at Pompeii shows diverse influece from cultures spanning the Roman world. An early style of Roman art was called "Incrustation", in which the interior walls of houses were painted to resemble colored marble. Another style consisted of painting interiors as open landscapes, with highly detailed scenes of plants, animals, and buildings. Portrait sculpture during the period utilized useful and classical proportions, evolving later into a mixture of realism and idealism. During the Antonine and Severan Periods, more ornate hair and bearding became prevalent, created with deeper cutting and drilling. Advancements were also made in relief sculptures, usually re-enacting Roman victories.